Implementation of biological control of plant diseases in integrated disease-management systems

نویسندگان

  • Santosh Kumar
  • Vivek Singh
  • Mehi Lal
  • DELHI INDIA
چکیده

The protection of cultivated crops against pests (insect pests, diseases and weeds) requires the integration of biological control and other ecologically based pestmanagement practices that also protect the environment and the health of the population, and ensure a satisfactory economic return to farmers. Despite the amount of resources and time invested in this area, biological control is still far from our early expectation that it would play a major role in integrated pest management (IPM). IPM and biological control: IPM is the use of a combined set of strategies and practices aimed to keep pests at levels under the economic damage threshold. The term IPM, coined by entomologists in the mid1960s, was developed in order to reduce the risks associated with excessive use of pesticides and to preserve the ecological balance. Biological control may be defined as ‘‘the reduction in the amount of inoculums or disease-producing activity of a pathogen accomplished by or through one or more organisms other than man’’ Theoretical consideration for implementation success: The chance of the success of implementing a biological control measure in IPM is theoretically related to the establishment and growth of the population of a biological control agent. Of the two mechanisms utilized by biological control agents, competing with resources for growth and parasitism, the probabilities of success with implementation are determined by different factors. For the first case, the ability to compete with pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia and Fusarium, growth is important, and the chance of success is determined by the available resources of a system. For a pathosystem with limited resources, the more competitive the biological control agents are, the more likely they will succeed, as indicated by a low infection level. When resources for growth are unlimited, the use of competitive-type agents in such a system would likely be unsuccessful. The amount of infection in a competitive

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تاریخ انتشار 2014